| Abstract | Cilj istraživanja: odrediti i usporediti prevalenciju noćnog mokrenja kod školske djece i njihovih roditelja u djetinjstvu, ispitati utjecaj izbjegličkog statusa na noćno mokrenje u djetinjstvu te ispitati utjecaj socioekonomskih i demografskih obilježja obitelji na noćno mokrenje kod djece. Nacrt studije: presječno (engl. cross.-sectional) istraživanje. Ispitanici i metode: Istraživanje je provedeno među djecom u dobi od 6 do 11 godina i njihovim roditeljima u Vukovarsko-srijemskoj županiji gdje je u zadnjem desetljeću 20. stoljeća bio velik broj prognanika i izbjeglica (uglavnom žena i djece) zbog ratnih zbivanja u Hrvatskoj i Bosni i Hercegovini. Posebno dizajniranim upitnikom, koji su ispunili roditelji/skrbnici, prikupljeni su podatci o osobnim obilježjima djece, noćnom mokrenju djece i njihovih roditelja u djetinjstvu, izbjeglištvu roditelja u djetinjstvu, socioekonomskom statusu i demografskim pokazateljima obitelji. Rezultati: Podatci o noćnom mokrenju u djetinjstvu prikupljeni su za 3046 djece i 5853 roditelja, te o izbjeglištvu 5650 roditelja. Prevalencija noćnog mokrenja kod ispitivane djece bila je 2,3 %, češća kod dječaka. Prevalencija noćnog mokrenja u djetinjstvu bila je značajno veća i kod majki i kod očeva nego u skupini ispitivane djece (majke 5,8 %, očevi 3,6 %, P < 0,001) te značajno veća kod majki i očeva koji su bili izbjeglice u djetinjstvu u odnosu na one koji nisu (majke P = 0,001, očevi P = 0,004). Izbjeglički status roditelja u djetinjstvu nije utjecao na noćno mokrenje kod njihove ispitivane djece. Roditelji koji su bili izbjeglice značajno su češće imali noćno mokrenje u djetinjstvu nego njihova djeca (P < 0,001). Nije bilo razlike u noćnom mokrenju u djetinjstvu između roditelja koji nisu bili izbjeglice i djece kojima oba roditelja nisu bili izbjeglice (P = 0,05). U multivarijantnom regresijskom modelu, pozitivni prediktori noćnog mokrenja kod djece bili su noćno mokrenje majke i oca u djetinjstvu, dob u kojoj je dijete prestalo nositi pelene noću i nezaposlenost oca, a broj djece u obitelji imao je negativnu prediktivnu vrijednost. Zaključak: Izbjeglički status mogući je uzrok transgeneracijske razlike u prevalenciji noćnog mokrenja u djetinjstvu. Rezultati sugeriraju važnost i okolišnih stresogenih čimbenika u etiologiji noćnog mokrenja. Podatci o prevalenciji i čimbenicima povezanim s noćnim mokrenjem važni su za planiranje javnozdravstvenih mjera radi destigmatizacije, pravovremenog dijagnosticiranja, liječenja i sprječavanja posljedica. |
| Abstract (english) | Objective: The aim of the study was to determine and compare the prevalence of enuresis among school children and their parents during childhood and investigate if the status as a displaced or refugee child is linked to the occurrence of enuresis. The influence of socio-economic and demographic factors on children’s enuresis was also analyzed. Study Design: cross-sectional study Participants and methods: The study was performed among school children aged 6 to 11 and their parents in Vukovarsko-Srijemska County (eastern Croatia) which had many displaced persons and refugees (mostly women and children) in the 1990s due to the war in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. A specially designed questionnaire (on the child's personal characteristics, the child’s enuresis history and that of the parents, and parental refugee status in childhood) was completed by one of the parents. Results: Adequate data on enuresis in childhood was collected for 3046 children and 5853 parents. Data on parental refugee status in childhood was available for 5650 parents. The prevalence of enuresis among the studied children was quite low (2.3%) and higher among boys. The prevalence of parental enuresis in childhood was higher than their children’s enuresis (mothers: 5.8%, fathers: 3.6%, P<0.001), and significantly higher among parents who had been refugees (mothers: P=0.001, fathers: P=0.04). Parental refugee status had no influence on the children's enuresis. Enuresis in childhood was more frequent among parents who were refugees than among their children (P<0,001). Prevalence of enuresis in childhood was not different in a group of parents who were not refugees compared to a group of their children (P=0.05). The results of a multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that positive predictors for a child’s enuresis are: maternal and paternal enuresis in childhood, the age of attaining nighttime bladder control and father’s unemployment. The number of children in the family is a negative predictor. Conclusion: The results suggest that refugee status could be a possible cause of the transgenerational difference in prevalence of enuresis in childhood found in this study. The lower prevalence of enuresis in children compared to the enuresis prevalence in their parents who were refugees in childhood suggests the importance of environmental and stress factors in the etiology of enuresis. Prevalence information and the identification of factors which could have effect on enuresis could help in destigmatization, early recognition and providing adequate treatment. |
