| Abstract | Jod je jedan od značajnijih mikroelemenata u našem organizmu, sastavni dio hormona štitnjače koji među ostalim imaju i važnu ulogu u razvoju djece. Nedostatan unos joda u organizam može rezultirati brojnim poremećajima. Ciljevi: Verificirati kolorimetrijsku metodu za određivanje koncentracije joda u mokraći (KJ) na automatskom analizatoru Seal Analytical AA3 HR prema zahtjevima kvalitete, te kod djece u dobi od 6 do 12 godina ispitati postoji li povezanost koncentracije joda u mokraći, antropometrijskih karakteristika, motoričkih sposobnosti i fizičke aktivnosti. Ispitanici i metode: Ispitanike čine 662 učenika od 1. do 6. razreda osnovnih škola u Zagrebu, Jastrebarskom, Osijeku, Zadru i selu Rudu. Učenicima je učinjen ultrazvučni pregled štitnjače. Izvedena su antropometrijska mjerenja i testovi procjene motoričkih sposobnosti. Prva jutarnja mokraća analizirana je metodom na verificiranom automatskom analizatoru. Rezultati: Seal AA3 HR ima odličnu reproducibilnost, ponovljivost i ukupnu laboratorijsku preciznost (%CV<4) sukladno postavljenim kriterijima, uz linearnost metode, negativan "carryover" i dobru usporedivost s ručnom metodom. Antropološke karakteristike djece odgovaraju normama. Pothranjeno je 1,5% učenika, 58,3% normalne je uhranjenosti, prekomjernu tjelesnu masu ima 18,9%, a pretilo je 21,3% učenika. Nedostatak joda uočen je kod 10% učenika, dostatan i više nego dostatan kod 23,1 odnosno 24%, a prekomjeran kod 42,7% učenika. Jodno je prezasićeno 70% učenika Dalmacije, u istočnoj Hrvatskoj 56,2% uredne je jodne zasićenosti te 15,2% u nedostatku je joda, a 52,2% učenika središnje Hrvatske uredne je jodne zasićenosti. KJ značajno je i pozitivno povezana s latentnim faktorima koordinacije, agilnosti i eksplozivne snage donjih ekstremiteta, dok fleksibilnost nema povezanost, a repetitivna snaga pozitivno je povezana u 3. i 6. razredu. Kod djevojčica i kod dječaka postoji značajna negativna povezanost KI s ukupnom razinom fizičke aktivnosti, nešto jača kod djevojčica. Zaključak: Na uzorku populacije djece od 6 do 12 godina nema značajnog nedostatnog unosa joda, ali javlja se jodna prezasićenost te prekomjerna težina i pretilost djece. Fizički aktivna djeca imaju uredan jodni status i motorički su sposobnija u testovima motoričke inteligencije (koordinacije), agilnosti, snage donjih ekstremiteta i repetitivne snage, dok fleksibilnost nije u vezi s KJ. Fizički neaktivna djeca imaju prekomjeran jodni status i slabiju motoriku. |
| Abstract (english) | Iodine is one of the most significant microelements in our organism. It is an integral part of the thyroid hormones and it plays an important role in the neurological development of children. Insufficient iodine intake can result in a wide spectrum of disorders. Objectives are to verify the colorimetric method for determining the concentration of urinary iodine (UI) on the Seal Analytical AA3 HR analyzer according to the quality requirements, and determine relationship between UI, anthropometric characteristics, motor skills and physical activity in school children aged 6 to 12 years. Participants and methods: The study included 662 students, 1st to 6th grade from elementary schools in the city of Zagreb, Jastrebarsko, Osijek, Zadar and the village of Rude. An ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland was performed in all students. Anthropometric measurements as well as motor skills tests were carried out. A sample of the first morning urine was analyzed on the analyzer. Results: Seal AA3 HR has excellent reproducibility, repeatability and total laboratory precision (%CV<4) according to the set criteria, with method linearity, negative “carryover” and good comparability with manual method. Anthropometric characteristics of children were within normal values. 1.5% of children were undernourished, 58.3% had normal nutrition, 18.9% were overweight and 21.3% were obese. Iodine deficiency was observed in 10%of students, sufficiency in 23.1%. More than adequate iodine intake was measured in 24% of students. 42.7% of children had excessive iodine intake. In Dalmatia 70% of students had excessive iodine intake, in Eastern Croatia 15.2% had iodine deficiency, 56.2% had adequate iodine intake as well as 52.2% in Central Croatia. The UI was significantly positively correlated to the coordination, agility, explosive power of the lower extremities and repetitive strength in 3rd and 6th grade. Flexibility had no correlation. In girls and boys there is a significant negative association of UI with the overall level of physical activity, somewhat stronger in girls. Conclusion: Significant iodine deficiency was not observed in the sample of the 6-12 year old population, but excessive iodine intake was measured with parts of the students. A significant number of students were overweight and obese. Physically active children had adequate iodine status and higher motor abilities in tests of motor intelligence (coordination), agility, lower extremity strength and repetitive power while flexibility was not correlated to UI. Physically inactive children had excessive iodine status and lower motor skills. |
