Objectives. To determine: the clinical significance of hematuria, proteinuria, hematuria in combination with proteinuria; the parameters within which patients who need further diagnostics can be differentiated from the ones who only need to be monitored; the causes of these conditions – to see if the causes differ concerning the sex and the age of the patients. The frequency of performing kidney biopsies and the indications for the biopsies were also determined. Study design. A retrospective study conducted at the Nephrology Ward of the Pediatric clinic of the Clinical Hospital Center Osijek. Participants and methods. Data was obtained from researching the medical documentation of the patients treated at the Nephrology Ward in 2013, 2014 and 2015. The research included a total of 269 participants. Data obtained was entered into Microsoft Excel 2010 and statistically processed using the SPSS program for statistical analysis (version 23.0). Results. Patients with hematuria + proteinuria had the highest number of nephrological diagnosis. Nephrological diagnosis statistically differ concerning the age, but not the sex of the patients. Statistically significant tests were: morphology of erythrocytes, leukocytes in urine, Sanford, CRP, presence of edema and albumin in 24-hour urine. The number of pathological test results is the highest in the group of children with both hematuria and proteinuria. Biopsy was performed on 4, 1 % of the patients. Conclusion. Detailed diagnostics and monitoring of patients with both hematuria and proteinuria is recommended. The tests which were statistically significant among three observed groups are the ones that should be performed in the initial work-up of these patients. The most common indications for biopsy were persistant proteinuria with edema, persistent proteinuria and hypertension. The most common findings were minimal change disease and IgA nephropathy.