Title: The Effect of steep-axis incision on corneal astigmatism after Ultrasound Phacoemulsification Cataract Surgery Objectives: The aim was to evaluate the reduction of corneal curvature after ultrasound cataract surgery in two groups of patients according to the position of the corneal incision and to examine whether there was a difference in the reduction of corneal curvature after ultrasound cataract surgery between two groups of patients according position of corneal incision. Study Design: The research is structured as cross-sectional with historical data. Patients and Methods: The research included 60 adult patients of both sexes who uderwent phacoemusification cataract surgery. Every patient underwent recording of age, gender, keratorerefractometry on ("Nidek" device, 2022), optical biometry on the IOL master 700 device (Zeiss, 2020) and IOL calculation, measured the best corrected visual acuity ( BCVA) on Snellen optotype, axial length, anterior chamber depth measurement on the day and one month after cataract surgery. All ultrasound phacoemulsification cataract surgeries were performed on the Centurion phaco device ("Alcon", 2020) by the same surgeon under topical anesthesia. In the first group of patients, the main corneal tunnel with a width of 2,75 mm was made on a steep axis, and in the second group of patients at 120 degrees. Results: There was a significant increase in the number of patients with oblique astigmatism, and a decrease in the number of patients with astigmatism against the rule after cataract surgery (McNemar – Bowkerov test, P < 0,001). After surgery, patients with a steep axis incision had a significantly lower degree of astigmatism (Wilcoxonov test, P = 0,003), and patients with a 120 degree incision had a significantly higher degree of astigmatism compared to before surgery (Wilcoxonov test, P = 0,001). Conclusion: Postoperative astigmatism was lower in patients who underwent steep axis corneal incision than in patients who underwent 120 degree corneal incision.