Objectives: To examine whether different sociodemographic, anthropometric and anamnestic factors are more prevalent in pregnancies after assisted reproductive techniques (ART), to investigate whether pregnancies after ART increase the incidence of maternal and neonatal complications during pregnancy and childbirth, to examine and compare whether there is a difference in pathohistological analysis of placental tissue. Study design: Retrospective, case-control type Participants and methods: A survey was conducted on 110 subjects who conceived after IVF and 110 subjects of the control group who conceived naturally at the Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, KBC Osijek, in the period from 1st January 2014to 31st December 2016. The data were obtained by analyzing the book of birth and history of the disease. This survey also includes newborns of all subjects. Statistical data processing used χ2 test, Fisher's exact test and Mann-Whitney U test, and the level of statistical significance was set at Alpha = 0.05. Results: Subjects who conceived after IVF were older than subjects who conceived naturally, had a larger number of previous abortions and are mostly primiparae. All of the multiple pregnancies in this research were from the IVF group. Subjects of the IVF group gave birth earlier than the control group, and consequently a greater number of prematures belonged to that group. A greater number of maternal complications are present in the IVF group. Subjects of the IVF group had more frequent pathological placental findings. Newborns form IVF group were more likely to have abnormal presentation in pregnancy and during birth and had a lower birth weight. Pregnancy was completed equally with Caesarean section and vaginal delivery, with the Caesarean section dominated in the IVF group. Conclusion: Pregnancies after ART are more likely for have maternal complications (including inflammatory changes in the placenta and fetal membranes) during pregnancy and delivery. Newborns from ART pregnancies have an increased risk of developing neonatal complications.