Introduction: Atherosclerosis is a disease of the blood vessel wall whose progression leads to the development of cardiovascular diseases. Cholesterol and lipoproteins are known to play a role in the development of atherosclerosis. Therefore, lipid profile includes the concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides. Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] is an independent risk factor, which increases sensitivity of determinating the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Objectives: To assess the level of risk for the development of cardiovascular diseases based on the values of the parameters of standard lipid profile and Lp(a) in blood samples among all subjects and to assess the usefulness of determining the concentration of Lp(a) in each cardiac patient. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Material and Methods: Blood samples from 50 cardiac patients and 30 healthy subjects (control group) were used in the study. Concentration analyzes of standard lipid profile parameters were performed on the Beckman Coulter AU680. The obtained results were processed using the computer program MedCalc. Results: Measured values of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and Lp(a) in blood were statistically significantly higher in the group of cardiac patients compared to the control group, measured using Mann-Whitney U test (P < 0.05 for all four measured values). Multivariate logistic regression of LDL cholesterol proved to be a better risk predictor for the development of cardiovascular disease (OR = 2.13; 95 % CI is from 1.21 to 3.77) than Lp(a) (OR = 1.003; 95 % CI is from 1.00 do 1,007). Conclusion: Concentrations of standard lipid profile parameters and Lp(a) are significantly higher in cardiac patients. Therefore, it is useful to determine the concentration of Lp(a) in each cardiac patient.