| Abstract | Ciljevi: Istražiti hoće li konzumacija kokošjih jaja obogaćenih n-3 PUFA, vitaminom E,
selenom i luteinom u razdoblju od tri tjedna imati povoljan učinak na mikrovaskularnu
endotelnu funkciju te na mikrovaskularnu endotelnu reaktivnost nakon akutnog iscrpljujućeg
treninga u populaciji zdravih mladih sportaša. Također, ispitati potencijalne mehanizme
djelovanja s naglaskom na oksidativni stres.
Dizajn studije: Randomizirana, dvostruko slijepa, prospektivna, intervencijska studija (ID
NCT04564690).
Ispitanici i metode: U studiji je sudjelovalo ukupno 31 mladih sportaša koji su bili podijeljeni
u dvije skupine, Nutri4 grupu (14 ispitanika) koji su konzumirali tri jaja obogaćena n-3 PUFA,
luteinom, selenom i vitaminom E dnevno te u kontrolnu grupu (17 ispitanika) koji su
konzumirali tri obična kokošja jaja dnevno proizvedena na istoj farmi. Na početku te na samom
kraju dijetetskog protokola svim su ispitanicima učinjena antropometrijska mjerenja, te mjereni
biokemijski i hemodinamski parametri. Protok krvi u mikrocirkulaciji kože mjeren je metodom
mjerenja protoka laser Dopplerom (eng. laser Doppler flowmetry, LDF) u odgovoru na
vaskularnu okluziju (PORH) te iontoforezu acetilkolina (AChID) nakon čega su ispitanici bili
podvrgnuti akutnom iscrpljujućem treningu (AEE) te je nakon istog ponovljeno mjerenje
protoka LDF-om. Razina oksidativnog stresa (8-isoPGF2α, mijeloperoksidaza, produkcija ROS)
i aktivnost antioksidativnih enzima (glutation peroksidaza, katalaza i superoksid dismuzata)
mjereni su kod svih ispitanika.
Rezultati: Nakon trotjedne konzumacije obogaćenih jaja, Nutri4 skupina pokazala je značajna
poboljšanja kako u PORH-u tako i u AChID-u, bez značajnih promjena u kontrolnoj skupini.
U Nutri4 skupini došlo je do smanjenja stvaranja vodikovog peroksida i peroksinitrita u
perifernim mononuklearnim stanicama, kao i smanjenja serumske koncentracije 8-iso
prostaglandina F2α, za razliku od toga, ovi faktori ostali su nepromijenjeni u kontrolnoj skupini.
I PORH i AChID smanjeni su nakon AEE prije i nakon prehrambenih intervencija. Međutim,
raspon odziva PORH-a na AEE (ΔPORH) povećao se nakon konzumacije obogaćenih jaja.
Zaključak: Konzumacija jaja obogaćenih n-3 PUFA, selenom, luteinom i vitaminom E
rezultirala je poboljšanom mikrovaskularnom reaktivnošću ovisnom o endotelu te smanjenim
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oksidativnim stresom kod natjecateljskih sportaša. Također, raspon mikrovaskularne reakcije
na akutni iscrpljujući trening poboljšana je nakon konzumacije jaja u Nutri4 skupini. |
| Abstract (english) | Objectives: The investigation of beneficial effects of the consumption of hen eggs enriched
with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin E, selenium, and lutein over a three-week period
on microvascular endothelial function and microvascular endothelial reactivity after acute
exhaustive training in a population of healthy young athletes, as well as evaluating the potential
mechanisms of action with a focus on oxidative stress.
Study design: Randomized, double-blind, prospective, interventional study (ID
NCT04564690).
Participants and methods: The study consisted of a total of thirty-one healthy young athletes
divided into two groups: the Nutri4 group (14 participants). who consumed three eggs enriched
with n-3 PUFA, lutein, selenium, and vitamin E daily, and the control group (17 participants),
which consumed three regular hen eggs daily, produced on the same farm. Anthropometric
measurements, as well as biochemical and hemodynamic parameters, were assessed at the
beginning and end of the dietary intervention. Skin microcirculation blood flow was measured
using laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) in response to post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH)
and acetylcholine iontophoresis (AChID). Afterward, participants underwent acute exhaustive
exercise (AEE), and blood flow measurements with LDF were repeated. Levels of oxidative
stress (8-isoPGF2α, myeloperoxidase, ROS production) and activity of antioxidant enzymes
(glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) were measured in all participants.
Results: After three weeks of consuming enriched eggs, the Nutri4 group showed significant
improvements in both PORH and AChID, with no significant changes in the control group. In
the Nutri4 group, there was a decrease in serum concentration of 8-iso prostaglandin F2α, as
well as a decrease in hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite formation in peripheral mononuclear
cells. On the other hand, these factors showed no alterations in the control group. The response
of both PORH and AChID decreased after AEE both before and after dietary interventions.
Nevertheless, the responsiveness range of PORH to AEE (ΔPORH) increased following the
consumption of enriched eggs.
Conclusion: Consumption of eggs enriched with n-3 PUFA, selenium, lutein, and vitamin E
resulted in improved microvascular endothelial reactivity and reduced oxidative stress in
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competitive athletes over a three-week period. Additionally, the range of microvascular
response to acute exhaustive training was enhanced after consuming Nutri4 eggs. |
