Objectives:to determine the extent in which antimicrobial drugs are consumed as well as qualitative features of antimicrobial drugs in theICUandto determine whether the manner in which these drugs are prescribed and consumed has any effect on the prevalence of bacterial resistance. Study design: A cross sectional study. Participants and methods:The participants were patients treated in the ICU of the Clinic for anaesthesiology and intensive care in CHC Osijek during 2015 and 2016. Criterion of inclusion is use of antimicrobial drug regardless of clinical indication. Relevant data about qualitative and quantitative aspect of consumption of drugs and the prevalence of resistant bacteria was collected using history of clinical diagnosis and microbiology protocols. Results: During the observation period, 1646 patients were treated and 7819 patient days were achieved. The majority of patients (88.3%) received antimicrobial drugs even in absence of infection (70%). 19.1% of the patients were diagnosed with the latter in the moment of admission. From 3300 prescribed antimicrobial drugs, 60% was intended for prophylaxisor pre-emptive therapy, while 28.1% was used for the treatment of established infection. The most commonly prescribed drugs are amoxicilin with calvulanic acid, metronidazole, gentamicin, and colistin fromthe list of reserve antibiotics. Resistant bacteria that was most most commonly isolated areAcinetobacter baumannii, MRKNS, KlebsiellapneumoniaeandMRSA. Conclusion: Almost 90% of patients was given antimicrobial drugs during their stay in the ICU. More than two thirds of patients recieved medicationsprophylactically or pre-emptively even though infection was absent. Amoxicilin with calvulanic acid, metronidazole and gentamicin were prescribed very often in prophylaxis or treatment, while reserve antibiotics are intended for treatment of infection with resistant agents. The results that are obtained do not indicate a connection between the consumption of antimicrobial drugs and the appearance of bacterial resistance.