Introduction. Gestational diabetes is one of the most common metabolic complications during pregnancy. Pregnant diabetic mothers, if not well regulated, are more often subject to a number of acute conditions and complications during pregnancy and childbirth. Hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, hypertrophy, inferior Apgar score and infections, pathological jaundice, birth injuries, cyanosis and the like are often seen in children. Research structure. Retrospective case control study Goal: We compared diabetic mothers and their infants to mothers without infants and their children both in 2015 and 2018 in order to determine whether there are any differences in these two groups given a mother's anamnesis and to compare the perinatal outcome of their infants. Methods and examinees. Examinees were infants born to diabetic mothers with diabetes in 2015 and 2018 (262) at KBC Osijek. The control group (262) were first neonates born after the examinees in 2015 and 2018. The results are shown in tables, with absolute and relative frequencies, and the significance of differences in the chi-square test with confidence interval at 95 %. Statistical significance will be accepted at p <0.05 level. Results. Different acute conditions and other chronic illnesses are more common in diabetic mothers than in non-diabetic mothers. Diabetic mothers also tend to have more complications during labor. Their infants are more often diagnosed with hypertrophy, hypoglycemia, and hypocalcemia compared to the control group. They also require more oxygen tratment, longer hospitalization and birth by C-section. In 2018, the number of hypoglycemic and hypocalcemic infants was twice lower, and children were shorter hospitalized. Conclusion. Better care for mothers during pregnancy and their glycemic control lead to significantly less complications in their infants and better perinatal outcome of such infants.