| Sažetak | Cilj: utvrditi kako prehrana majki tijekom trudnoće i laktacije te prelazak muških potomaka štakora na drugi režim masne prehrane može utjecati na tjelesnu kilažu, indeks tjelesne mase, koncentraciju upalnih citokina u krvi te na intenzitet imunohiskemijskog obojenja TNF-alfe u koštanom tkivu i u parenhimu jetre. Nadalje, utvrditi kako masna prehrana može izazvati masnu infiltraciju u koštanoj srži i u parenhimu jetre što dodatno izaziva promjene obujama i strukture koštanog tkiva petog slabinskog kralješka. Metode: deset ženski Sprague Dawley, devet tjedna starosti, nasumično podijeljene u dvije skupine hranjene su kontrolnom dijetom ili masnom dijetom tijekom šest tjedana nakon čega su parene s istim mužjakom. Nakon trudnoće i laktacije muški potomci obiju skupina podijeljeni su u četiri podskupine ovisno o prehrani kojom su bili hranjeni do dvadeset drugog tjedna starosti. Nakon žrtvovanja, uzimanja seruma i izolacije organa za vaganje, učvršćena su tkiva petog slabinskog kralješka i jetre radi histomorfometrije i imunohistokemijske analize na TNF-alfi. Rezultati: tjelesna težina smanjana je kod potomaka hranjenih dijetom bogatom mastima dok je analiza težine organa pokazala veće razlike kod potomaka kojima je promijenjen intrauterin/postanatalni režim hranjenja u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu. Kod svih potomaka zabilježena je viša koncentracija serumskog kolesterola i triglicerida u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu dok je kod potomaka sa zamjenom režima ishrane (CD-HFD, HFD-CD) zabilježena viša koncentracija upalnih citokina u krvi. Potomstvo zdravih majki hranjeno masnom dijetom pokazalo je izrazito nakupljanje masnog tkiva u koštanoj srži i narušene spužvaste koštane strukture te najveći intenzitet TNF-alfa imunohistokemijskog bojanja koštane srži i tkiva jetre kao i lošiju patohistološku analizu jetrenog parenhima. Zaključak: skupina potomaka kojima e majka hranjena kontoliranom laboratorijskom hranom, a potomak nakon toga masnom dijetom imala je višu serumsku koncentraciju upalnih citokina u krvi i najveći intenzitet imunohistokemijski signala TNF-alfe na petom slabinskom kralješku i parenhimu jetre. Može se zaključiti da dodatna akumulacija masnog tkiva zbog ishrane dijetom visokog udjela masnoće potiče nakupljanje masnog tkiva u koštanoj srži i jetri koje potiču upalni odgovor stimulacijom citokina, ovdje promatranog TNF-alfe koji naknado sudjeluje u patogenezi koštane remodelacije i razvoja NAFLD-a. |
| Sažetak (engleski) | Objective: To determine how nutrition of mothers during pregnancy and lactation, and the male offspring of rats at different regime of diet can affect body weight, body mass index, the concentration of inflammatory cytokines in the blood and the intensity of immunohistochemistry staining of TNF-alpha in bone tissue and in the liver. Furthermore, how high-fat diet can cause fat infiltration in the bone marrow and in the liver, which can additionally cause change of volume and structure of bone tissue of the fifth lumbar vertebra. Methods: Ten female Sprague Dawley rats were at nine weeks of age randomly divided in two groups and fed either a control diet or food rich in saturated fatty acids during six weeks, and then mated with genetically similar male subjects. After gestation and lactation, male offspring from both groups were divided in four subgroups depending on the diet they were fed until 22 weeks of age. Body weight throughout the experiment was measured and body mass index was calculated, organ weight was valued after sacrifice, and total cholesterol, triglyceride, AST, ALT, IL-6 and TNF-alpha in serum were measured. Bone microstructure was analyzed in the fifth lumbar vertebra using digital photographic images. TNF-alpha expression was measured in bone and liver samples using immunohistochemistry. Results: Body weight was lower in offspring fed a diet rich in fats and the analysis of organ weight showed greater differences in offspring with changed intrauterine/postnatal feeding regime compared with the control group. In all offspring fed high-fat diet higher serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were observed compared to the control group while the offspring that had their diet replaced in relation to mothers' diet (CD-HFD, HFD-CD) recorded higher concentrations of inflammatory cytokines in the blood. The offspring of healthy mothers, fed with high-fat diet, showed increased accumulation of fat in the bone marrow and disturbed trabecular bone structure and the highest intensity of TNF-alpha immunohistochemical staining of bone marrow and liver tissue, and also worse histopathological analysis of liver parenchyma. Conclusion: The group of rats whose mother was fed with controlled laboratory chow and then offspring with high-fat diet had higher serum concentration of inflammatory cytokines in and the highest level of immunohistochemical signal of TNF-alpha in the fifth lumbar vertebra and liver parenchyma. Thus we can conclude that additional accumulation of body fat because of eating a diet with high percentage of fat stimulates the accumulation of fat in the bone marrow and liver, which can encourage the inflammatory response by stimulating cytokines, here observed TNF-alpha, which is subsequently involved in the pathogenesis of bone remodeling and development of NAFLD. |
