Medically assisted fertilization is a set of methods used in the treatment of infertility. Objectives: The aim of the study was to examine the difference in the vital properties of newborns born after medically assisted fertilization, apropos natural conception and characteristics and the course of pregnancy in women who conceived with medically assisted fertilization and naturally. Study outline: Three-year case-control study. Participants and methods: The study included 120 mothers who conceived after IVF and 120 mothers who conceived naturally between 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2016. The data were obtained from the medical records. Differences between variables were investigated by χ2 test, Fisher's exact test and Mann-Whitney U test, and the level of statistical significance was accepted at p<0,05. Results: Mothers from the IVF group were older than mothers who conceived naturally and are mostly primiparae, while mothers who conceived naturally were multiparae. Most pregnancies were singleton pregnancies (85.00%), followed by twin pregnancies (14.17%), and triplets present only in two pregnancies (0.83%). All of the multiple pregnancies were from the IVF group.Caesarean section was dominant as a way of delivery, especially in the IVF group. Complications during the pregnancy were more often among the IVF group. Average birth weight and gestation age are lower in the IVF group. A significantly higher proportion of preterm neonates is present in the IVF group, and the Apgar score is the same in both groups. Conclusion: Newborns born after medically assisted reproduction have lower birth weight and gestation age, and are therefore more vulnerable compared to children born after natural conception.