OBJECTIVES. The goal of this research was to determine the VCE positive smear rate of Actinomyces infection over a 10-year period, investigate the correlation of Actinomyces positive VCE smears with the use of an IUD, with signs of inflammation on epithelial cells, with an increased number of neutrophil granulocytes compared with other infectious agents detectable on a Pap smear and with Trichomonas vaginalis coinfection. STUDY DESIGN. A retrospective cross-sectional comparative study. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS. In this study study 561,318 Pap smears were taken from female participants, in the period from 2008 to the end of 2017 at the Clinical Department of Clinical Cytology, University Hospital Center Osijek. Exclusion criterion was inadequate cytological finding. RESULTS. The 10-year period incidence of actinomyces-like organisms in cervical smears was 0.43%. Subjects positive for Actinomyces use more often IUD (59.7%) and have more often (47.2%) signs of inflammation on epithelial cells in comparison with other infectious agents detectable on a Pap test (16.3%). Also, an increased number of neutrophil granulocytes (13.2%) is found more frequent among Actinomyces positive smears, while the incidence of neutrophils in other agents is lower (3.4%). In the group of subjects with positive Actinomyces, 1.2% of respondents had coexisting Trichomonas vaginalis infection. CONCLUSION. The incidence of actinomycetes in the genital tract of women is rare and amounts to only 0.43%. There is a clear correlation between the use of an IUD and the finding of Actinomyces on a Pap test. The results of this study indicate a statistically significant increase in the incidence of inflammation on epithelial cells and an increased number of neutrophil granulocytes in women positive for Actinomyces.