Objectives. While observing hypotrophic premature infants and their mothers during a three-year period, the aim was to examine whether there are any differences in anamnesis of the mothers and in neonatal outcomes of their children. Study design. A three-year historic cohort study. Participants and methods. Examinees were hypotrophic premature infants (148) born between 2017 and 2019. The results are shown in absolute and relative frequencies. The differences in categorical variables were tested with chi-square test. P < 0.05 was used for the statistical significance. Results. Downward trend in incidence was recorded over the years. The most common type of delivery was urgent caesarean section, but the share of children with low Apgar scores is rising. The most common symptom was respiratory distress with a downward trend in frequency over the years. The frequency of congenital malformations is rising, while the frequencies of BDP and ROP are decreasing. The rate of mothers with chronic diseases was significantly higher, while the frequency of labor complications is decreasing over the years. The frequency of children with the lowest gestational age is rising accompanied by more frequent use of ventilation and less frequent use of surfactant. The lenght of hospitalization and use of surfactant is reduced in children whose birth mass is below 1 kg. Also, the rate of children who were put on a ventilator and whose birth mass was between 1 and 1.5 kg is increasing. Conclusion. With the advancement of antenatal and perinatal care along with using more sophisticated methods of mechanical ventilation, the neonatal outcome of hypotrophic premature infants has improved significantly. Keywords.