A comparison between early results of surgical myocardial revascularization with and without the use of a machine for extracorporeal circulation. OBJECTIVES: To determine the total number of patients, planned and executed bypasses, and procedures using each method in order to identify whether there is a difference in preoperative risk factors and postoperative complications according to the applied surgical technique. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: Methods used included reviewing literature, gathering and recording data from medical documentation, processing and interpreting the results from all of the patients who underwent surgical myocardial revascularization at the department for cardial surgery at Clinical Hospital Center Osijek between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2014. RESULTS: Of the total of 827 participants, 611 of them were male and 216 were female. A greater number of participants (78.7%) were operated on with the help of the machine for extracorporeal circulation. Triple bypasses were performed on a large portion of participants (49.0%). The median age for all operated patients was 64, EuroScore median was 4, logistic score median was 3, and the ejection fraction median was 55. While comparing risk factors (age, gender, EuroScore, logistic score, ejection fraction) between the two operational techniques, a statistically significant difference was found. When there was an urgent operation, and a need for a greater number of bypasses, the technique of choice was on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Statistically significant difference was not found between the reviewed techniques, in preoperative placing of the intra-aortic balloon pump, postoperative mortality, or ICV. A significant statistical difference was found in postoperative MI with a greater incidence associated with the on-pump CABG technique. CONCLUSION: The on-pump CABG technique for surgical myocardial revascularization was applied more often. Patients operated on with the off-pump technique had significantly detrimental risk factor values, and the only statistically significant difference in postoperative results was found in postoperative MI.