Objectives: The main objective of this study was to determine whether there is a correlation between crystalluria and nephrolithiasis, and is presence of crystals in urine a predictive factor for the development of kidney stones. Study design: The study is retrospective. Participants and methods: The data in this research was secondary and it was collected from the Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics at the Clinical Hospital Centre Osijek, in the period from 2014 to 2016. The composition of kidney stones was determined by infrared spectroscopy on FTIR spectrophotometer, and the data on the crystals in the urine was obtained by routine analysis of urine sediment with a light microscope. Variables were analysed according to gender, urine pH, data on the presence of crystals in the urine of all respondents, and data on the composition of kidney stones from patients with nephrolithiasis. The participants were divided into two groups. The first group included participants with nephrolithiasis, and the referential group consisted of participants without kidney stones. Results: Of the total number of 105 participants, crystalluria was found in 14.28 % (n = 15). At the group of patients with nephrolithiasis, 14.3 % (n = 8) of them had crystals in their urine, and in the referential group crystals in urine were found in 15.5 % (n = 7) participants. According to the urine pH, calcium oxalate crystals in urine appeared at the pH range from 5.0 to 6.2. Amorphous urate crystals were found in the pH range from 5.0 to 5.5. A single crystal of triple phosphate was found in the alkaline milieu (pH 8.5). CaOx is the only type of crystals in the group of patients with nephrolithiasis. Conclusion: There is no statistically significant difference in the incidence of crystals in the urine of patients who have nephrolithiasis and those without. Crystalluria is not a predictive factor for the formation of kidney stones.