Research Objective: The aim of this study is to determine whether there is a connection between changes in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels and the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and to compare groups of low and highrisk pregnant women for GDM development, both generally and in the context of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Study Design: Observational prospective cohort study. Participants and Methods: The study involved 30 participants who had read and signed an informed consent form. The basic criterion was that the pregnant women were in good general health at the time of inclusion in the study and had no known immune disorders. They were classified into low-risk and high-risk groups based on risk factors for GDM development. Blood sampling was conducted during the first and third trimesters, and laboratory parameters related to GDM were analysed. Immunoglobulins were quantified, and the levels of IL-6, IL10, adiponectin and TNF-alpha were determined. After analysing the samples, descriptive statistical analysis was performed, and categorical data were presented in absolute and relative values. Results: The study included 30 participants with an average age of 29 years. Of them, 67% were in the high-risk group for developing GDM (gestational diabetes mellitus). GDM was developed by three participants, while the high-risk group had lower levels of eosinophils, IgM, ferritin and monocytes, and higher levels of CRP, IgA and insulin. Adiponectin levels were higher in the high-risk group, as well as IL-6 levels. Conclusion: No significant difference was found between the high-risk group and pregnant women who developed gestational diabetes. However, further research on a larger sample would be beneficial, considering the observed decrease in adiponectin levels in the high-risk group and the increase in IL-6 levels.