Aim of the study: The main aim of the study was to investigate breastfeeding self-efficacy, the most common problems related to breastfeeding, and whether there is a correlation between exclusive breastfeeding and the problems related to the level of self-efficacy that the mother encounters during the domiciliary nurse’s visit. Respondents and methods: The respondents were 151 breastfeeding mothers from Osijek and its suburban areas who were visited by a nurse and are users of the Health Centre Osijek. As a research tool, we used a questionnaire that consisted of questions about socio-demographic data and the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Sale Short Form, BSES-SF. The research was conducted in the period between December 2017 and April 2018. Results: Out of 151 respondents, a significantly higher number of mother who breastfed for 12 months or more were those with a higher level of breastfeeding self-efficacy (Fisher’s exact test, P < 0.001) in comparison with those with a lower level of breastfeeding self-efficacy. Out of 85 (57%) respondents who had difficulties breastfeeding, those who have a lower level of breastfeeding self-efficacy make up a significantly larger number – 47 or 70.1% (Fisher’s exact test, P = 0.005). Also, their breastfeeding technique was incorrect in a large number of cases. A low level of breastfeeding self-efficacy was found in 84 (55.6%) respondents. There is no significant correlation between age and breastfeeding self-efficacy. The most common breastfeeding problems were damaged and sore nipples in 59 mothers (39.1%), engorged breasts in 14 (9.3%), mastitis, strong milk-ejection reflex, and an incorrect technique. Fear is present in 29 (19.2%) respondents, while we have also noticed the effect of societal pressure about breastfeeding, and postpartum depression. Conclusion: During the domiciliary nurse’s visit, it was noticed that there is a correlation between the breastfeeding self-efficacy and breastfeeding problems. The mothers with a low level of breastfeeding self-efficacy had more problems, a lot of them applied an incorrect technique, they had low self-esteem, doubted the quality of the milk, and even thought about giving up breastfeeding.