OBJECTIVES. The aim of this study is to determine the proportion of inadequate cytohormonal status detected by the Pap test and to determine whether there is a correlation between inadequate cytohormonal status detected by Pap smear and pathohistologically proven uterine adenocarcinoma. STUDY DESIGN. A retrospective comparative study PARTICIPANS AND METHODS. The study included two groups of women. The first group included women who underwent VCE smear at the Department of Clinical Cytology, Clinical Hospital Center Osijek, from 2007 to the end of 2016, on the condition that they developed pathologically confirmed uterine adenocarcinoma within at most 6 months after cytological diagnosis. The second group included women who underwent VCE smear in the same period, but were not pathologically verified after. Cytological samples were fixed in 95% alcohol and stained with Papanicolaou method. Histopathological analysis was performed at the Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Clinical Hospital Center Osijek. RESULTS. From 2.1% of women with inadequate cytohormonal status in total, there were significantly more women with adenocarcinoma. Inflammation was present in 18.6% of women, of whom 1.1% had inadequate cytohormonal status, significantly more women with adenocarcinoma. In general, inadequate cytohormonal status was significantly more present in women without inflammation (2.4%) and in the control group (2.4%). In women with adenocarcinoma (183 women), there was no significant difference in incidence of inadequate cytohormonal status in comparison to the incidence of inflammation (p=0.13). CONCLUSION. Inadequate cytohormonal status is significantly more present in women with uterine adenocarcinoma. Inadequate cytohormonal status was significantly more present in women without any signs of inflammation, both in all women and in the control group. There was no significant difference in detecting inadequate cytohormonal status in comparison to the incidence of inflammation in women with adenocarcinoma.